The keynote speaker, Raber Talaat, explained that Donald Trump’s return to the White House significantly changed the American foreign policy based on the liberal internationalist system pursued by the US since World War II to a realist and pragmatic approach. This signifies an abrupt move from multilateral cooperation to transactional diplomacy that prioritizes immediate strategic gains at the expense of alliances. The change impacts both U.S. alliances and its role in the Middle East.

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